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Unit 1 Cultural Issues and Values
Vocabulary: Expressions of definition …is… …refers to… … is referred to as… …is defined as… …has been defined as... …is the way of…
is refers to Cultural anthropology is referred to as being the study of human culture. has been defined as
An anthropologist is an expert in anthropology. Culture is the way of life of a particular group of people. A stereotype is defined as being a belief about an individual or a group based on the idea that everyone in a particular group will behave in the same way. Hospitality and tolerance are values that are deeply rooted in the Moroccan culture. If you happen to go to live in a foreign country with a different culture, you have to adjust to it, otherwise you will feel as a fish out of water. Different cultures have different values. Values vary from culture to culture. People from rural areas stick to customs and traditions more than urban people. Cultural issues arise when groups of people believe another group behaves wrongly. Culture is learned and transmitted from generation to generation. Deeper insightsinto other people’s customs, values and ideas minimize conflict due to ignorance and intolerance.
Asking for clarification:
A: What is another word for ‘aware’? B: Conscious. Vocabulary: (p 12) uneasy: uncomfortable unlike: as opposed to to obey: to respect, to abide by dissimilarities: differences natural: healthy wrongly ≠ rightly
Conditional: types 1 and 2 If you pay attention in the classroom, you’ll understand better. I’ll continue my studies abroad if I get high grades in by bac exams. Mariam won’t marry Nabil if he isn't an honest person.
If I were you, I’d give up smoking. We wouldn’t have so many car accidents if both drivers and pedestrians were careful enough. If Souad had money, she could buy a new laptop.
Asking for, giving and responding to advice: (p 15)
Patient: I’m afraid I’m putting on weight, doctor. What do you think I should do? Doctor: It’s a good idea not to eat between meals and you’d better exercise at least three times a week. May be you should eat more vegetables and less fatty food. Patient: It sounds like a good idea! Thanks for your advice, doctor.
Vocabulary: (18)
Expressing lack of understanding, interrupting and asking for clarification:
Expressions for clarifying one’s point / idea:
Headmaster: Mobile phones are not allowed at school. Student: Sorry, sir. I’m not quite sure I know what you mean. Headmaster: In other words, you mustn’t use your mobile at school because they are forbidden. Student: I’m sorry, sir.
The Past Perfect vs. The Past Perfect Continuous: (p24)
After the cultural anthropologist had finished the lecture, he flew to Tangier. By the time I went to see the doctor, I had been ill for at least two weeks. Adib had bought a brand new car before he got his driving licence. Once Ilham had read the advert about the job, she went to the Office of Admission. Jane had done her homework before she went out. When he arrived to the airport, there was no plane. It had already taken off. She didn’t go to bed until she had set her alarm clock. “Why didn’t you tell her that you had divorced your first wife?” The fire had already spread to the neighbouring houses when the fire brigade arrived. Mounia and Jamal had been e-mailing each other before they got married. Jim had been studying computer science for three years before he graduated.
Phrasal Verbs: (p 24) I’ve tried explaining how it works, but I just can’t get through to him. (communicate with) I’m taking the Baccalaureate this year, I will certainly get through. (pass) I still don’t know how to use Excel. Could you possibly go through the instructions again? (repeat) One of my classmates has been very ill, but her doctor says she will pull through. (recover/survive) I’ve looked through the editorial twice and can’t see the issue the editorialist is arguing for.(read carefully)
UNIT 2 THE GIFTS OF YOUTH
Vocabulary: STRENGTHS OF YOUTH
Although young people are a heterogeneous group, they can play responsible, determining roles in society. They are the lifeblood of a country and represent the most active and vital force in its development. They should be allowed to voice their opinions because they have as much to say about societal problems and potential solutions as others do. Karim, our classmate, is known to be very cooperative. When we are assigned projects, he works well with us and always does his share of work. A high percentage of young people no longer believe in their country’s political parties; that’s why they tend to shy away from politics. The youth need their independence in order to grow into responsible adults. The young man left the conference room with a clear conscience. He felt happy he had been able to raise people’s awareness to the importance of community work.
UNIT 3 Advances in Science and Technology
Ahmed: What does OFWT stand for? Nabila: It stands for Observe, Form, Watch and Test. Ahmed: I think these are the four steps scientists normally follow in their work, aren’t they? Nabila: Yes, they are.
Vocabulary: (p48) benefits = advantages events = happenings on your own = independently pseudo = false, fake, not genuine
One of the advantages of beingscientifically literate is that you can ask and find answers to questions derived from curiosity about everyday happenings. Another advantage is that you can understand how the world works and think critically and independently. A third one is that scientific literacy allows us to identify pseudo scientific claims.
Yousra: In your opinion, which is the most significant breakthrough in technology? John: For me, the internet is the most significant one. I really can’t do without it. breakthrough = advances
EXPRESSING PURPOSE
Structure to + infinitive Souad goes jogging every morning to keep fit and healthy. for + noun Akram met Mr. Johnson for an interview. for + ……ing Posters and brochures are used for interviewing people to study. in order to + infinitive Adults go to literacy classes in order to learn how to read and write. so that + modal He trains very hard so that he can be ready for the next Olympic Games. so as to + infinitive She left home early so as to be on time for the interview.
We should all be scientifically literate so as to identify pseudo scientific claims. Salma learnt Italian so as to get a better job. Hicham likes to meet foreigners so as to practise his languages. Journalists should be tactful so as not to offend readers. They left home early in order not to miss the train. Amina works very hard so as not to fail her exams. I took off my shoes and walked upstairs so as not to wake my parents. When I have a lot of homework, I sometimes do it immediately in order not to forget it. He went out for a walk in order not to get sleepy. Could you repeat the message slowly so that I can understand.
Other ways of expressing purpose:
An investigation is carried out for the purpose of determining the cause of the accident. Research is being done with the aim of developing a cure to bird flu. The association is raising money with the objective of building a street children center. He went to the clinic with the intention of doing a general check-up. Vocabulary: (p50) fundamental : important headways : progress, strides Scientists are making headways in many technological fields such as biotechnology and cellular phones technology.
Branches of Science and Technology
mathematics
robotics physics chemistry engineeringbiotechnology
Technology is applied science. It focuses on designing tools and systems for practical purposes whereas science focuses on general knowledge by investigating natural phenomena.
The Simple Past Tense: (review)
When I returned home from work, I decided to watch TV. I took the remote controller and zapped to my favourite channel. But, the electricity went off a short time later. I took my mobile phone and called my friend to help me fix the problem. He was busy on his computer sending and replying to e-mails or chatting. I couldn’t use the vacuum cleaner to clean the carpet, so I had to take a brush and do it manually. I couldn’t use the microwave oven to heat my dinner and was obliged to have cold. After dinner, I couldn’t use the dishwasher and again, with my own hands, I washed all the dishes.
Making and responding to complaints about behavior
*Susan: I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise when I’m busy working. Tom: Oh, I’m terribly sorry! I didn’t realize you were working.
*Hamid: I’m sorry to say this, but I really didn’t like the way you talked to your mother. John: Oh, I’m awfully sorry. I didn’t realize I was so rude.
*Barbara: I was waiting for you in the coffee shop but you didn’t come. Steve: I’m awfully sorry, darling. I really forgot it. Barbara: Don’t worry about it. Steve: Another time perhaps.
At a hotel
*A: Excuse me, but there is a problem with the heating in my room. B: Sorry to hear that – I’ll get someone to check it for you.
*Man: I’m afraid I have to make a complaint. Some money has gone missing from my room. Receptionist: We’re terribly sorry, sir.
Expressing Certainty and Uncertainty (p56)
Expressing certainty: Here are some phrases you can when you are sure that something will not happen in the future. For example, to the question “ Do you think that scientists will find a cure to AIDS in the near future?”, you may respond as follows:
Expressing uncertainty:
When you are not sure whether something will happen in the future, you can use these useful phrases:
Functional meaning of modals: must: certainty, obligation, ( 100% necessary to do something.) mustn’t: prohibition ( 100% necessary not to do something.) may: possibility – probability ( it’s about 50% possible ) might: possibility ( less than 50% possible ) needn’t: ( lack of necessity ) should: advice ( it’s a good idea ) shouldn’t: ( it’s a bad idea ) can’t : impossibility
When I leave school, I may go to a university of science or I can even get a job at a laboratory. This must be the laboratory – there are instruments and products of scientific research. I’ll probably come back to see the manager next week if I am free. I think / guess they are going to offer me a job as I have the ideal profile. They will certainly interview me about my past experience as they usually do. I guess / think their wages are high and their technology is advanced. I certainly will enjoy myself working in this laboratory; I am fond of science and technology. Computers are likely to replace teachers in a few years’ time. It’s positive thatthe problem of unemployment will be solved if drastic measures are taken. I betthe rate of illiteracy in our country will decrease in the next decade. We needn’t raise taxes. We have made a lot of money out of phosphates sales this year.
PAST TENSE: simple and continuous (review)
Phrasal verbs (pages 56,57)
bump up: increase turn down: (1) refuse an offer, reject an application. She turned down the new job because she didn’t want to move. turn down: (2) lower the volume or intensity of a TV, radio, or other machine. →I’m studying! Please turn down the TV. put down: insult, make someone feel stupid ease off: reduce pressure look forward to: be excited about the future
Phrasal verbs 2 (p58) progress →along, behind, through, on communication →across, through, over, between relationships →together, up getting involved in an activity →in, into ignoring problems →around, aside, off
My project work is coming along nicely. I’ve fallen behind with my work. We sailed through our exams. We learnt a lot before the exams. Just keep on. You have been doing a good job. Let’s all join in when I sing the Moroccan National Anthem. When I can get into my work, I really enjoy it. I can’t work round this problem. We need to put aside our differences. I laughed off his criticism. We got together in our first year at this school. The whole group rallied together to protest against child labour. Two students from each class pair up to produce a short play. I don’t seem to be able to get through to them. The message came over clearly. Something interesting passed between them. She eased off the accelerator to let the car slow down.
Reading: (pages 60,61)
A: What did Graham Bell invent? B: He invented the telephone.
To do any job well requires hard work, perseverance and the ability to focus on your aims without being distracted. perseverance: determination
Abdellah: What would you like to be in the future? Habiba: I’d like to be a laboratorial.
UNIT 4 Women and Power
Many people are actively involved in many Moroccan non-governmental organizations. The Palestinians have been struggling for their independence since 1948. to struggle: to fight Meriam Chadid was the first woman to set foot on the Antarctica, where she patriotically and proudly raised Morocco’s flag. Nawal Almoutawakil is a UNICEF goodwill ambassador.
Women have demonstrated considerable leadership in community, as well as in public office. Moroccan rural women need education as well as health care. However, they still suffer from negative stereotyping. Our district has been short of water for about six months now. However, nothing has been done about so far. Along withbeing busy with her professional career, Karima manages her family life. Not only…..but…..also….. Moroccan women’s magazines are not only criticized for being elitist but also for focusing on urban issues. Educated women have a big influence on society. Moreover, they contribute to the welfare of their families. Educated women look after their houses. They also work outside their homes. Despitespending much time at work, working women are able to perfectly manage their households. In spite ofthe efforts made by the government to alleviate poverty, the problem still persists. It’s true that a lot of women and girls in Morocco have access to education. However, their situation is far from perfect. Although, Globalization has a positive impact on women’s status, they are still regarded as inferior in some societies. Hamid takes after his father whereas Abdellah takes after his mother. Regardlessof their colour or religion, people must be treated equally. Don’t give up your project regardless of how much money it will cost you. Contrary towhat people think, the youth are not so selfish as they are portrayed. No matter howthey tried, they couldn’t get to the other side of the sea-coast. No matter whatyour social status, you must abide by the law.
Writing: Using Conjunctions
Talking About Australia
Vocabulary:
feminism: a movement which advocates the rights of women to have equal opportunities to those possessed by men. gender: male or female emancipation: freeing someone socially or politically violence: actions or words which are intended to hurt someone polygamy: having more than one spouse stereotype: an exaggerated or wrong image of the characteristics of a particular group self-confidence: belief in one’s own abilities or skills
Examples:
Negative stereotypes are obstacles that hinder women’s advancement in different domains. Thanks to the new Moroccan family code, the status of women has noticeably changed. According to the new ‘Mudawana’, polygamy can’t be practisedwithout the first wife’s approval. All over the world, women have always had a continuous struggle for emancipation. The Red Crescent organization provides humanitarian aid for people in need, especially women and children.
UNIT 4 Insights into English Asking for and giving opinion: (Please see p70)
Reported Speech:
Time and place words changes reporting statements or questions: Here are some changes that may to be made:
EXAMPLES:
“I’m awfully sorry I am late.” He apologised for being late. “Congratulations on having successfully passed this exam,” My English teacher congratulated me for having successfully passed my exam. “You’d better take up computer science next year,” My classmate advised me to /that I should take up computer science. “I will help you with your computer science,” I am a computer literate,” My classmate also offered to help me with my computer science. “You really must work harder to pass the mathematics test,” My teacher of math ordered me to work harder. “Anouar should go to university,” The English teacher suggested that Anouar should go to university. “Why don’t we go to the library?” My friend suggested our going / that we should go to the library. “It’s freezing cold today,” My Mum complained about the freezing cold. “Go on! You’ll never have another chance to visit Spain,” The travel agent encouraged me to visit Spain. “Hurry up!” The headmaster ordered me to hurry up. “Where Hassan Tower, please?” He asked me where Hassan Tower is. “Does the charter company run cheap flights to Japan?” He asked me if the charter company runs cheap flights to Japan. “Have you bought a Moroccan Arabic phrasebook?” I asked him if he had bought a Moroccan Arabic phrasebook. “How long are you going to stay in Morocco?” I asked him how long he was going to stay in Morocco. “Is Japanese easy to learn?” I asked him if he thinks Japanese is easy to learn.
Reading: A long struggle for equality and freedom (p74)
A: When is the International Women’s Day? B: It’s on March 8.
Vocabulary: (p74) irrevocably: irretrievably; once and for all; forever idealistic ≠ realistic
UNIT 5 BRAIN DRAIN
Brain drain: human capital migration Braindrain is the departure of highly skilled people to more favourable, geographic, economic, or professional conditions. Due to conflicts, political turmoil and lack of opportunities in their home countries, many talented and trained people emigrate to other countries to look for a better life.
Janet: Are you for or against brain drain? Adila: I’m not in favour of brain drain because this human capital migration has very bad side-effects on the developing countries. It really empties these countries of their human resources. As far as I’m concerned, highly skilled people such as engineers, architects and doctors should return home after finishing their studies abroad. Governments should do their best to encourage these highly qualified people to return & |
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